PRIMARY LEAVING NATIONAL EXAMINATION SET 2021 QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Introduction to the Exam
Science and Elementary Technology examination paper for the Primary Leaving National Examinations, 2021 , conducted by the National Examination and School Inspection Authority (NESA) . The exam is designed for primary school students and is divided into two sections: A and B. Section A focuses on general science and technology concepts, while Section B delves deeper into topics related to biology, health, and environmental science. The exam is 2 hours long and carries a total of 100 marks.
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Section A: Attempt All Questions (50 Marks)
Question 1:
a) What kind of toy or learning material can you make from the following materials?
- Paper: You can make a paper airplane or a paper boat.
- Clay : You can make a clay pot or a small sculpture.
b) State any one material you use in the classroom to support your learning process.
- Answer: A textbook or a notebook.
c) How do you take care of your learning materials?
- Answer : By keeping them clean, avoiding tearing pages, and storing them in a safe place.
Question 2:
a) Name the agricultural tool described below:
- Plastic container with backpacks and spray guns: Sprayer.
- Tool for collecting fallen leaves and levelling the soil: Rake.
b) Describe the use of each of the following tools:
- Spanner : Used to tighten or loosen nuts and bolts.
- Hand saw : Used to cut wood or other materials.
- Bellow : Used to blow air into a fire to make it burn hotter.
Question 3:
a) Identify:
- Natural material used in construction site: Wood or stone.
- Masonry tool used in construction site: Trowel.
b) Explain how security measures can be applied in a construction site.
- Answer: By fencing the site, using warning signs, and ensuring workers wear protective gear.
Question 4:
a) Use appropriate terms to complete the following statements:
- The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection when a ray of light is reflected by a plane mirror.
- The ray of light going from glass to air bends away from the normal.
- Transparent material is a material which allows light to completely pass through it.
b) Why is electricity important?
- Answer : It powers homes, industries, and electronic devices.
c) Prove that electricity may be dangerous when mishandled.
- Answer: It can cause electric shocks, fires, or even death.
Question 5:
a) Provide any one non-metallic material.
- Answer: Plastic or wood.
b) Why is a cooking utensil made of metal?
- Answer : Because metals conduct heat well, allowing food to cook evenly.
Question 6:
a) Use true or false to answer the sub-questions below:
- A hoe is a second-class lever. True.
- A simple machine enables people to do work with less effort and greater speed. True.
- People should always be careful when using simple machines. True.
b) State any one advantage of using renewable energy.
- Answer : It is environmentally friendly and does not deplete natural resources.
c) What energy change takes place when a piece of wood is burned?
- Answer : Chemical energy is converted into heat and light energy.
Question 7:
a) What happens when two unlike poles of two different magnets come closer to each other?
- Answer: They attract each other.
b) What happens to the magnetic force between two magnets when the distance between two unlike poles increases?
- Answer: The magnetic force decreases.
Question 8:
a) What is the boiling point of water?
- Answer : \(100^\circ C\).
b) Determine the melting point of ice.
- Answer : \(0^\circ C\).
c) Name the change phase from liquid water to ice.
-Answer : Freezing.
Question 9:
a) Give any 4 means of communication used in Rwanda.
- Answer: Radio, television, mobile phones, and the internet.
b) Paint activity is used for:
- Answer: Drawing, coloring, and editing.
c) The process of writing a computer program is called:
- Answer : Programming.
d) What do you understand by the term “email”?
- Answer: It is a method of sending and receiving messages electronically over the internet.
e) State whether the following statements are True or False:
- Storage devices are only external. False.
- A user can make changes in ROM. False.
- CDs as well as DVDs are optical storage devices. True.
- We can share files with others in the neighborhood. True.
f) What is a folder?
- Answer: A folder is a digital container used to store files and other folders on a computer.
g) Give any 2 examples of general search engines.
- Answer: Google and Bing.
h) Name any two popular programming languages for children.
- Answer : Scratch and Python.
i) Define the term Sugar interface.
- Answer: It is a user-friendly interface designed for children to interact with computers, often used in educational software.
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Section B: Attempt All Questions (50 Marks)
Question 10:
a) Give three methods of making water safe for drinking.
- Answer: Boiling, filtering, and adding chlorine or water purification tablets.
b) Name any two diseases associated with water pollution.
- Answer: Cholera and dysentery.
Question 11:
a) Which part of the eye is responsible for the following:
- Formation of image: Retina.
- Carrying image from the eye to the brain: Optic nerve.
- Changing the shape of the lens: Ciliary muscles.
b) Give examples of each of the following bones:
- Long bones: Femur (thigh bone).
- Short bones: Carpals (wrist bones).
- Flat bones: Skull bones.
Question 12:
a) What are the major differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
- Answer: Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces genetically diverse offspring, while asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring.
b) What are secondary sexual characteristics for boys and girls?
- Boys: Growth of facial hair, deepening of voice.
- Girls: Development of breasts, widening of hips.
Question 13:
a) Give any one habit that may lead a person to catch AIDS.
- Answer: Unprotected sex or sharing needles.
b) Suggest the best way of controlling the spread of AIDS.
- Answer: Practicing safe sex and avoiding sharing needles.
Question 14:
a) Give any three characteristics of living things.
- Answer: Growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli.
b) A cow and a bat are classified as mammals. To which class of animals do the Tortoise and Lizard belong?
- Answer: Reptiles.
Question 15:
a) How are plants different from animals in the way they get their food?
- Answer: Plants make their own food through photosynthesis, while animals consume other organisms for food.
Question 16:
a) Give two ways of controlling the spread of the following diseases without using drugs:
- AIDS : Educating people about safe sex and avoiding needle sharing.
- Malaria : Using mosquito nets and eliminating stagnant water.
Question 17:
a) Give the function (use) of each of the following:
- White blood cells: Fight infections.
- Red blood cells: Carry oxygen.
- Platelets : Help in blood clotting.
Question 18:
a) Apart from having bright color, state any other one characteristic of insect-pollinated flowers.
- Answer: They produce nectar to attract insects.
Question 19:
a) Apart from movement, give any other two functions of the human skeleton.
- Answer: Protection of internal organs and support for the body.
Question 20:
a) Where in the digestive system do the following take place?
- Absorption of digested food: Small intestine.
- Absorption of water: Large intestine.
b) What are the end products of digestion of:
- Starch: Glucose.
- Proteins: Amino acids.
- Fats: Fatty acids and glycerol.
Question 21:
a) Give the function of the following plant parts:
- Roots: Absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
- Stem: Supports the plant and transports water and nutrients.
Question 22:
a) Complete the table comparing insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers:
Insect Pollinated Flower Wind Pollinated Flower
|---------------------------|------------------------|
Brightly colored = Dull colored |
Produces nectar = Does not produce nectar|
Large petals = Small petals
Strong scent = No scent
Question 23:
a) Give the general name of blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
- Answer: Arteries.
b) Why does blood go to the kidney during circulation?
- Answer: To filter out waste products from the blood.
Question 24:
a) Suggest any two problems of early pregnancy to a school girl below 18 years.
- Answer: Health complications and disruption of education.
Question 25:
a) Apart from the skin and lungs, name any other excretory organ.
- Answer: Kidneys.
Question 26:
a) Give any one reason why people like brick makers need to feed on carbohydrates.
- Answer: Carbohydrates provide energy for physical labor.
IGA NEZA
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